Recombinant DNA technology, often referred to as genetic engineering, is a revolutionary set of techniques that allow scientists to manipulate the genetic material of organisms. This technology has far-reaching implications across various fields, including medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology. At its core, recombinant DNA technology involves the creation of new combinations of genetic material by joining together DNA segments from different sources. Historical Context: The groundwork for recombinant DNA technology was laid in the early 1970s, with the discovery of restriction enzymes. These enzymes, found in bacteria, could cut DNA at specific sequences. This discovery allowed scientists to cleave DNA at precise points, paving the way for the development of genetic engineering techniques. Basic Components and Techniques: Isolation of DNA: The process typically begins with the isolation of DNA from the source organism. This can be any living organism—bacteria, plants, animals, or e...
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